Introduction
Building a set of stairs from wood can be challenging for the beginner. Creating a set of concrete steps can be an even more challenging task. However, with the right guidance and knowledge, this project can be both rewarding and achievable.
If you want to avoid buying precast concrete steps, the only options are to purchase help or make them yourself. Choosing the DIY route not only saves money but also gives you a sense of accomplishment.
Reading this, you are probably after the second option. For that, this article will help you through the steps of building the DIY concrete forms to the finished concrete surface. By following these guidelines, you’ll not only learn how to construct concrete stairs but also gain insights into the materials and tools you’ll need along the way.
Before diving into the nitty-gritty, it’s vital to understand the types of concrete stairs you might consider. There are various designs, from simple single flights to more complex curved or spiral stairs. Each design presents its own set of challenges and considerations, which we will touch upon as we progress through the article. Being aware of these options early on can help you better plan your project.
Planning Concrete Stairs Details
The first step in forming concrete stairs should be planning the stepped layout. Start by drawing a simple blueprint or sketch of your step design. It’s good to take your time and measure well so that everything will fit nicely. A well-thought-out plan will make the construction process smoother and more efficient.
The usual step riser is around 7 ½ inches, but it can be slightly lower or higher depending on the project. A 7 ½ inch riser can be done with a 2×8 piece of lumber as a form board, and it’s easy to cut if you own or can rent a table saw.
A step tread should be at least 12 inches long. Anything less can be challenging for adults to walk on, and accidents can happen. Ensuring the right tread length is crucial for safety, especially in high-traffic areas.
It could even be doubled so that everyone can easily step on it. It can look good and sturdy if it’s house front stairs. The enormous step is also more straightforward for coating and decorating if you want to stamp it with a wood pattern, for example.
Let’s say we will go with the 7 ½ inch riser; it’s time to count the stairs. We need to measure how high the stairs will go. This height calculation will determine the total number of steps required.
Let’s say, to make it easy, that the height is 30 inches so that we end up with four steps, the highest on the level of our door. For any other height, we divide it with the height of our riser, and we’ll get the answer. This simple calculation will guide you in constructing the right number of steps for your project.
Another important consideration during the planning stage is the location of the stairs. Are they going to be placed outdoors or indoors? Each environment may require different materials and techniques. For example, outdoor stairs need to be more weather-resistant and might require specific finishes to prevent slipping in wet conditions. Taking these factors into account will help you create a more durable and appropriate design for your needs.
Forming Concrete Stairs
Now, it’s time to build the concrete stair forms. Something like 2×8 yellow pine can be suitable for your form boards, but it’s up to you. Selecting the right material for your forms is essential for the integrity of your stairs.
Using spruce or yellow pine species is only sometimes necessary. Still, it’s a good idea, especially if you’re building a comprehensive step. The choice of wood can affect the durability and stability of your forms.
Also, 1x8s can be used in place of 2x8s as long as they can handle the weight of the concrete. The higher the stairs are, the more there will be pressure forming. Always consider the strength of the materials you use to avoid failures during the pour.
I like to be safe than sorry; a failed form can ruin a good day. It’s worth investing time in building robust forms to ensure a successful project.
Building the forms is a simple task. Start with the bottom step first, and remember that you’re pouring concrete steps against the house. This means the sides and front need to be solid and able to hold against weight.
Cut your form boards to the proper length and screw them together for easy removal. The form can be nailed together as well, but I’m not too fond of it, as removing the forms might damage the fresh concrete if done too heavy-handedly. Also, place the screws from the outside so that they can be removed later. This detail will make the deconstruction process easier and less likely to harm your newly poured concrete.
Once the first form is built, we must square it up using a framing square and drive the stakes outside the form using a sledgehammer or large maul. The stakes must be firmly on the ground so the form doesn’t move. This step ensures that your forms will stay in place during the pouring process.
It depends a lot on the soil, but it is better to be a little too deep than too little here. After that, we screw the stakes to the form so it will stay put. For better stability, consider using a level to ensure everything is perfectly aligned.
Now, we have the first step formed and are ready to go higher. We build each form more minor than the last by how many inches we want the tread to be and set it on top of the previous form. This tiered approach is essential for achieving the correct shape and height of your stairs.
Now we just use screws to attach every form with extra stakes or something else. Depending on the form of the stairs, we could have done the sides from one board. This might simplify the process and reduce the number of materials needed.
Once the forms are fully constructed, consider implementing a release agent on the interior surfaces. This can be a simple cooking spray or a specialized product designed for this purpose. Applying a release agent helps ensure that the concrete doesn’t stick to the forms, making them easier to remove after the pour.
Fill the Form with Rough Stones or Dirt
Now, we’re ready to fill the form with something. We don’t want all the stairs made out of concrete as it can be expensive, and other materials, such as rough stones, can also be used. This method can reduce the amount of concrete required and can provide additional stability.
Some stairs are made with the leftover concrete pour, but I assume everything is made by hand. Utilizing leftover materials is an environmentally friendly approach and can save you money.
We must ensure a minimum of 4 inches of solid concrete on the sides and the steps. We don’t fill it all with stones or dirt, so we can have concrete all around so the water and other things won’t eat the base of our steps. Ensuring proper drainage and moisture control is crucial for the longevity of the stairs.
Also, we must compact everything with a tamper before starting for the best results. This step is vital to prevent settling and ensure a solid base for your concrete.
Also, this is where we consider if we want rebar added. Steel helps with the pulling forces that concrete is weak against. For extra strength with significant steps, I’d add some in to be safe. Reinforcement will provide added durability and resistance to cracking over time.
As we fill the forms, take care not to disturb the surrounding soil or the forms themselves. Using a gentle hand can ensure that everything remains stable throughout this process. The goal is to create a solid base for the concrete, which will pay off in the long run.
How to Pour Concrete Step
We’re finally getting some action; it’s time to pour those steps. Depending on the type of ready-mix concrete, we can make one or more at the wheelbarrow at a time. Concrete has a long working time, from 30 minutes to 1 hour, so it’s really up to skills how much we dare to make. Knowing your limits will save you from rushing the process and risking a poor finish.
Even with a wheelbarrow, it’s good to do the mixing as close to the forms as possible to avoid unnecessary moving. Concrete is heavy, I tell you, and lifting kills backs. Planning the logistics of your pour can make a significant difference in your experience.
Concrete can be shoveled straight from the barrow or bucket at the start if we want to avoid lifting heavy weights. This method helps reduce the physical strain associated with pouring concrete. Make sure to wear proper footwear and protect your back as you work.
If we don’t close the steps with the board, we need to wait for it to harden before moving from step to step. If we do it all at once, the pressure will let it escape from the lower steps, and we don’t want that. If we’re impatient, we could also consider concrete that hardens fast. However, this may affect the final finish, so weigh your options carefully.
As we pour, it’s essential to ensure that the concrete fills the forms evenly. This may require some gentle tapping or vibrating of the forms to eliminate air bubbles and ensure a smooth, even surface. Using a concrete vibrator can aid in this process, helping to produce a better finish.
Finishing Concrete Steps
Now, the final part is finishing concrete steps. This step can be the hardest for beginners as it requires you to have a few tools and a little skill. The kind of tools depends on the last surface we want. Rubber, hard, or sponge float (some like to brush) is also needed for the finishing. Choosing the right tool can make a significant difference in the final appearance of your stairs.
The finishing float is used to smooth the hardening concrete as it dries. It can’t be too wet and also not too hard. Striking the right balance during this phase is crucial for achieving a professional look.
The kind that you can finish by doing small circles with the float without applying too much pressure. It will level the surface and make some texture on it. This technique can enhance the grip of the steps, making them safer to walk on.
Sponge float might be most manageable for beginners, but some find intricate plastic floats easy to work with. Floats don’t cost that much, and it’s easy to make a little test piece of concrete slab to practice on. Practicing on a small piece can build your confidence and skills before tackling the actual stairs.
That way, you know what you’re doing when the time comes to take the steps. Experience is key, and the more you practice, the more comfortable you’ll become with the process.
Once the finishing is done, it’s time for you to use the small broom if you like. Drag the broom from one side of the step to the other in one uniform stroke without lifting it from the concrete. This leaves small lines that give the tread some grip to prevent slipping. Safety is paramount, and this simple step can help mitigate accidents.
We’re finished, and it’s time to let the concrete harden. After some hours, the forms can be removed, and extra concrete on the sides can be removed carefully with a trowel. This cleanup process can help achieve a neat finish and enhance the overall look of your stairs.
Concrete doesn’t dry; water makes a paste with cement, and some go off as vapor. We should water our stairs and steps a little to make them as hard as possible. Not too much, because it will affect negatively, but a slight shower just so the surface gets little moisture. This curing process is essential for the strength and durability of your concrete stairs.
During the curing process, it’s important to keep the concrete moist, especially in hot weather. If the concrete dries out too quickly, it can lead to cracking and other issues. Some individuals use burlap or plastic sheeting to cover the steps during this time to retain moisture effectively.
Maintenance and Care for Concrete Steps
Once your concrete stairs alongside your home are complete, it’s essential to think about maintenance. Concrete steps, while durable, require some care to ensure they last for many years. Regularly inspect your stairs for cracks or chips. Early detection can help prevent more severe damage later on.
Cleaning your concrete steps periodically will help maintain their appearance. Use a pressure washer or a simple mixture of soap and water to remove dirt and grime. This not only keeps your stairs looking fresh but also helps in avoiding slippery surfaces, especially during wet weather.
If you live in an area with harsh winters, consider applying a sealant to protect your stairs from freeze-thaw cycles. This can significantly extend the lifespan of your concrete steps by preventing water from seeping into cracks and causing damage over time.
Additionally, it’s wise to clear away any snow or ice promptly during winter months. Using a shovel rather than a metal ice scraper can help prevent scratching or damaging the surface of