Roofing Granules: What Are They and Why Are They Important – Causes, Tests & Fixes

Roofing granules are small protective particles embedded in shingles. They come from materials like ceramic-coated minerals or slag and sit on the shingle surface. These granules shield the asphalt and help the roof keep its color and texture.

Granule types differ in composition and finish, which affects appearance and durability. Check labels or manufacturer data to understand what your shingles use. Different color options mainly reflect the finish and UV protection built into the granules.

Composition and manufacturing process

The heart of roofing granules is their base material. This can be ceramic-coated minerals, like quartz or feldspar, or recycled steel slag.

Manufacturers coat these materials with a layer of colored ceramic to give them their final appearance. Some also add reflective pigments for energy efficiency.

The coated granules are then heated and applied to the shingle mat during manufacturing. This process ensures they stick firmly to the asphalt, providing protection and color.

Role in shingle construction

Roofing granules play a crucial role in shingle construction. They adhere tightly to the asphalt layer, locking in its flexibility and preventing it from drying out.

The ceramic coating on the granules acts as a UV barrier, protecting the shingle’s asphalt base from sun damage. It also provides a weather-resistant outer layer, helping to repel water and ice.

Granules also contribute to fire resistance. Some contain minerals that expand when exposed to high heat, creating a protective char layer. Additionally, their reflective properties can help reduce attic temperatures, further protecting the roof structure.

Lastly, granules give shingles their final appearance, offering a wide range of colors and finishes to choose from.

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Granules play a key role in protecting the roof from UV exposure and weathering. They also contribute to impact resistance and fire rating, depending on the product. Color stability comes from the granule coating that resists fading under sun exposure.

Thermal performance is influenced by the granule finish and reflective properties. If you need exact performance specs, verify them on the product label or the data sheet. Look for notes from the manufacturer about expected lifespan and protection features.

Longevity and warranty implications

The condition of your roofing granules plays a big role in how long your shingles last. Here’s why:

Granules protect the asphalt beneath from sun, rain, and impact. When they start to lose their protective layer or fall off, your shingles are exposed and degrade faster.

Warranty considerations often hinge on granule condition too. Manufacturers may void warranties if excessive granule loss is found due to improper maintenance or damage from things like hail or tree limbs.

Energy and curb appeal impacts

Roofing granules do more than just protect your roof. They also affect your home’s energy efficiency and resale value:

Color is key here. Lighter colors reflect heat, keeping your home cooler in summer. Darker colors absorb heat, helping to keep your home warmer in winter.

As granules fade or fall off, they lose their color and thermal performance benefits. This can lead to increased energy bills as your HVAC system works harder to maintain a comfortable temperature.

Curb appeal also takes a hit when granules start to disappear. A roof with bare spots looks old and neglected, potentially lowering your home’s resale value.

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Weathering over time is a major factor in granule loss. Harsh conditions can loosen or wash away granules gradually. Hail and impact can cause immediate loss in localized areas.

Foot traffic on roof surfaces and poor attic ventilation can accelerate granule shedding. Manufacturing defects may also contribute to uneven or early loss. When in doubt, consult the product instructions or warranty terms for guidance.

Weather-related causes (UV, wind, rain)

Over time, weather conditions can cause your roof’s granules to loosen and fall off. Here are the main culprits:

Ultraviolet (UV) Degradation: Prolonged exposure to sunlight breaks down the asphalt in your shingles, causing granules to become loose.

Wind-driven Abrasion: High winds can wear away at granules, especially around edges and corners. After storms, check for missing granules around these areas.

Heavy rain can also wash away loose granules, so it’s important to inspect your roof after severe weather events.

Mechanical and human causes (foot traffic, repairs)

Unnecessary foot traffic on your roof can lead to premature granule loss. Here’s how:

Installers, Contractors, or Homeowners: Walking on your roof can dislodge granules, especially if it’s done repeatedly or during wet conditions.

Poor repair techniques can also cause granule loss. For example, using power washers at high pressures to clean roofs can blast away granules.

To minimize this, keep foot traffic to a minimum and use gentle cleaning methods. If you must walk on your roof, do so carefully and only when the surface is dry.

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Start with a visual walkaround to note any bare spots or worn patches on shingles. Use a ladder safely and have a helper spot potential problem areas. Check for granules in gutters or downspouts as a clue to extent.

Feel for rough or powdery spots by gently pressing on the shingle surface. Compare areas to surrounding shingles to gauge severity. For any findings, verify with the product label or manufacturer guidelines before acting.

Visual checkpoints on shingles and gutters

Use this checklist during your visual inspection to ensure you don’t miss any signs of granule loss.

When to call a pro vs DIY assessment

While these steps can help you assess granule loss, there are times when it’s best to call a professional.

If your roof is more than 15-20 years old or out of warranty, consider calling a pro. They have the tools and experience to spot issues you might miss.

Safety first: If you find extensive granule loss, exposed nails, or other safety hazards, don’t try to fix it yourself. Call a professional roofer immediately.

If you’re unsure about any aspect of your inspection, it’s always better to err on the side of caution and call a pro. They can provide an expert assessment and recommend repairs if necessary.

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Document surface wear and measure how widespread the granule loss appears. Perform simple adhesion checks by gently lifting edge granules to see if they lift with the surface. Use common sense to avoid damaging the roof during tests.

If hail impact is suspected, inspect for dented areas and check for underlying shingle damage as described in the manufacturer instructions. For exact testing methods, refer to the data sheet or local building guidelines.

Simple home tests (bucket/gutter sampling, tap test)

Grab a bucket and place it under your downspout. After a rainstorm, check the granules in the bucket. If there’s more than a handful, you’ve got granule loss.

Safely climb onto your roof. Gently tap shingles with a hammer or handle of a screwdriver. If granules fall off, that’s a sign of poor adhesion.

Be careful not to damage shingles further and always use a secure ladder.

Professional diagnostics (core samples, adhesion tests, hail mapping)

Licensed roofers or inspectors may take core samples. They cut out a small piece of shingle to examine the layers. This shows if granules are falling off due to poor adhesion or other issues.

They also perform peel tests, applying pressure-sensitive tape to shingles and pulling it off to check granule retention. Hail mapping involves documenting hail impacts to support insurance claims.

These tests require specialized tools and knowledge. Don’t attempt them yourself – call a pro.

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Keep gutters clear to prevent water backing up and additional erosion of granules. Clean debris carefully and avoid aggressive scrubbing that could loosen more granules. Consider temporary protections to minimize further exposure during storms.

Spot-sealing minor gaps or cracks can reduce water intrusion in the short term, but it is not a cure for aged shingles. Always follow product labels and local rules when applying any temporary fix.

Emergency patching and sealants

When you find significant granule loss, it’s crucial to act fast. Here’s how to apply temporary sealants or adhesive-coated granule patches:

First, clean the area thoroughly. Remove any loose granules and debris. Then, apply a roofing sealant following the manufacturer’s instructions. Use a caulking gun for best control.

Note: This is not a permanent fix. It buys you time until professional repairs can be made. Avoid using these methods on extensive damage or during severe weather.

Preventive maintenance tasks

Regular upkeep goes a long way in preventing further granule loss. Here are some routine tasks to keep in mind:

Gutter cleaning: Clogged gutters can cause water to back up under shingles, leading to damage. Clean your gutters at least twice a year.

Moss removal: Moss holds moisture, which can degrade your roof over time. Remove moss gently using a soft brush or broom. Never power wash your roof.

Avoid foot traffic and attic ventilation checks: Walking on your roof can dislodge granules. Keep foot traffic to a minimum. Also, ensure your attic is properly ventilated to prevent heat buildup that could damage shingles.

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Shingle repairs or selective re-roofing can address localized damage without a full tear-off. Evaluate overlay versus tear-off options based on roof condition, local regulations, and warranty terms. Understand that each choice has different longevity expectations.

If replacement is needed, consider full replacement or targeted shingle replacement, depending on damage patterns. Check with installers about warranty coverage and the expected life of chosen materials according to manufacturer guidance.

Matching Granules and Color Considerations

When repairing or replacing your roof, matching existing granules and color is crucial for a seamless look. Here’s how to do it right:

First, inspect the original shingles carefully. Look at the granule size, shape, and color. Some roofs have a mix of colors – note that too.

Next, source your replacement materials wisely. Go to a reputable supplier with a wide selection. Bring a sample of your existing shingles for comparison. If you’re using new shingles, consider their color variation range – some brands have better matches than others.

Remember, minor mismatches might be noticeable up close but won’t stand out from the ground. However, if the mismatch is significant or visible from a distance, it’s best to replace the entire affected area. It’ll look neater and last longer than patching with a poor match.

Material Upgrades and Warranty Resets

Upgrading your roofing materials can enhance performance and reset warranties. Here are some options:

• Higher-grade shingles: Thicker, more durable, better warranties. Look for thickness, wind resistance ratings, and lifetime warranties with algae resistance. Avoid thin, low-rated ones that crack or stain easily.
• Impact-resistant shingles: Great for hail-prone areas. Check their Class 4 impact rating and warranty coverage for hail damage.
• Cool roof shingles: Reflect sunlight, keeping your home cooler. Look for Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) and Energy Star certification. They can lower energy bills but may not be suitable for all climates.
• Metal roofing: Durable, long-lasting, low-maintenance. Check for paint systems, thickness (29 or 26 gauge), and lifetime warranties. Avoid thin, poorly painted ones that dent easily.
• Tile or slate roofing: Premium materials with excellent longevity. Look for thickness, weight per square foot, and warranties. They’re heavy, so ensure your structure can support them.

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Document granule loss with photos and notes on dates and observed conditions. Gather receipts, warranties, and any prior evaluations to support a claim. When contacting your insurer, present clear evidence and a concise description of the issue.

Communicate with adjusters and manufacturers using the exact product name and model numbers found on labels or data sheets. Verify any requirements they request and keep copies of correspondence for your records.

Preparing a Claims Packet

Strengthen your insurance claim by gathering solid evidence. Here’s what you need:

Photos: Snap clear, close-up shots of damaged areas from various angles.

Inspection Notes: Document the date, time, and extent of damage. Note any visible granule loss or bare spots.

Weather Reports: Gather reports around the time of suspected damage to support your claim.

Professional Assessments: If you’ve had a pro inspect your roof, include their report.

Common Adjuster Findings and How to Respond

Insurance adjusters may conclude your granule loss is due to age or normal wear. Here’s how to address this:

Age-related Wear: If your roof is old, they might say it’s time for replacement, not repair. Counter with photos showing recent damage and weather reports indicating a storm.

Storm Damage: They may miss or underestimate hail damage. Use professional diagnostics (like core samples) to prove recent, severe impact.

Supplement Findings: If they miss something, politely point it out with evidence. Be proactive; don’t wait for them to find everything.

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