Introduction
Brick veneer bulging is when the outer brick layer appears to poke out or push away from the structure. This article focuses on what to watch for and why it matters in practical terms. It’s a hands-on topic, not a theoretical guide.
Look for bulging along walls near openings, or where the veneer seems to separate from the backing with misaligned joints. Causes can include wall movement, failed anchors, or moisture issues that weaken the bond between veneer and the supporting structure. Ignoring the issue or relying on a quick tuckpointing fix can be risky because the problem may worsen and affect safety and moisture control.
Key takeaways
- Signs of brick veneer bulging: bulges, cracks, misaligned windows or doors.
- Causes include water intrusion, poor ties, rotation from framing or settlement.
- Risks ignoring issue: structural compromise, falling veneer, moisture damage to interior spaces.
- Proper repair methods: assessment first, steer away from DIY tuckpointing; hire pro.
- Cease any drilling near bulged areas until inspection confirms safety.
- Long-term maintenance and prevention strategies: regular inspections, moisture management, proper flashing.
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Key takeaways
- What Is Brick Veneer and How It Differs from Structural Masonry
- Common Causes of Brick Veneer Bulging
- Warning Signs to Watch for (Visual Checkpoints)
- Dangers and Safety Hazards of Ignoring Bulging Veneer
- Why ‘Just Tuckpoint It’ Is Risky — Limitations of DIY Surface Repairs
- Professional Assessment: What Inspectors and Engineers Look for
- Repair Options, Risk Levels, and Cost Considerations
- Long-Term Maintenance, Prevention Strategies, and Case Studies
- Conclusion
- FAQ
What Is Brick Veneer and How It Differs from Structural Masonry
Brick veneer is exterior cladding that finishes a wall without carrying the structure. It is typically attached to a structural backup wall with ties, ledger connections, or adhesive, and often leaves an air and vapor gap for drainage and drying. This arrangement makes veneer movement more about the backing and attachments than the wall’s load path.
In contrast, structural masonry includes load-bearing brick walls that form part of the building envelope and foundation considerations. Movement in structural walls can affect the entire frame, whereas bulging in veneer usually points to attachment failures, backing movement, or moisture issues. Common veneer failures involve loose ties, deteriorating mortar joints, movement near openings, inadequate weep and flashing, and backer-wall problems that don’t always reflect the structural system beneath.
Brick Veneer vs Structural Brick
Brick veneer and structural masonry serve different purposes in construction. Brick veneer is a non-load-bearing cladding attached to a structural backup wall, typically with ties or an adhesive system.
Veneer does not support the structure’s weight, unlike load-bearing brick walls that are integral to a building’s stability. Veneer is designed to protect the building from weather and enhance its appearance.
While veneer can move independently of the backup wall, this movement does not necessarily indicate structural failure. However, excessive movement or bulging may suggest issues with the veneer’s attachment or backing that require attention.
Typical Wall Assembly and Ties
A typical brick veneer wall assembly consists of several components. The veneer is attached to a backup wall, usually made of wood studs or concrete blocks, with wall ties that provide mechanical connection.
The assembly also includes flashing at the base and around openings to direct water out, as well as an air/vapor gap between the veneer and backup wall for drainage and ventilation. This gap is often filled with insulation or other materials to improve the wall’s performance.
Understanding these components helps identify potential failure points that can lead to bulging. For instance, failed ties, inadequate flashing, or blocked weep holes can cause water intrusion and deterioration of mortar joints, leading to veneer movement.
Common Causes of Brick Veneer Bulging
Bulging veneer often results from multiple interacting factors rather than a single fault. Corrosion or failure of anchor systems, along with improper tie spacing, can translate movement into outward deformation. These issues are commonly amplified by moisture-related pressures behind the veneer.
Substrate and wall conditions also play a major role. A weak or bowing backing wall, misaligned sheathing, or settling framing can create differential movement that shows up as bulge on the veneer face. Poor workmanship or material choices, such as inadequate flashing or clogged weep holes, can trap moisture and drive pressure behind the veneer over time.
Moisture Intrusion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Trapped moisture behind the brick veneer can lead to bulging over time. When water infiltrates, it can corrode metal ties, causing them to expand as they rust.
Freeze-thaw cycles exacerbate this issue. During cold weather, trapped water freezes and expands, pushing outward on the veneer. As temperatures rise, the ice melts, leaving the veneer vulnerable to further intrusion.
To mitigate these issues, ensure proper flashing and weep holes are installed during construction to facilitate drainage. Regularly inspect your brick veneer for signs of moisture intrusion, such as efflorescence or rust stains.
Failed Ties, Anchors, and Mortar Deterioration
Rusted or missing ties can no longer provide lateral restraint to the veneer, allowing it to bulge outward. Similarly, weakened mortar joints reduce the bond between bricks, leading to separation.
Inspect your brick veneer regularly for signs of tie corrosion or failed anchors. Check mortar joints for cracks or crumbling, which could indicate deterioration.
If you find issues, address them promptly. Replace missing ties with appropriate new ones, and repoint damaged mortar joints using a compatible mortar mix.
Substrate Movement, Thermal Effects, and Settlement
Movement of the backup wall, differential settlement, or thermal expansion/contraction can create stresses that manifest as bulging veneer. For example, if the backup wall bows or settles unevenly, it can push the veneer outward at certain points.
Thermal expansion and contraction can also cause movement in the substrate, leading to stress on the veneer. Check your home’s foundation for signs of settlement, such as cracks in walls or doors that stick.
If you suspect substrate movement is causing bulging, consult a structural engineer. They can assess the situation and recommend appropriate repairs, which may involve underpinning, wall anchors, or other techniques to stabilize the structure.
Warning Signs to Watch for (Visual Checkpoints)
Start with a visual audit of the veneer surface for bowing, irregular curvature, and joints that are out of alignment. Note any bricks that protrude more than others and track changes over time. Keep a simple diagram to record coordinates of suspect areas for reference.
Look closely at mortar joints for cracks radiating from corners, widening gaps, or soft, powdery mortar. Interior moisture signs near exterior walls can also hint at hidden movement behind the veneer, even before a major bulge becomes obvious.
Visible bulges, cracks, and mortar separation
Regularly inspect your brick veneer for visible signs of distress. Catching these early can prevent costly repairs and structural damage.
- Bowing or bulging panels: Look for any sections that appear to curve outwards unnaturally. If present, check if they’re worsening over time.
- Irregular curvature: Inspect the overall plane of the veneer. Any sudden changes in curvature may indicate movement behind the wall.
- Misaligned joints: Check for joints that are wider or narrower than others, or those that zigzag rather than running straight. This could signal mortar deterioration or movement.
- Bricks standing out: Feel along the surface for bricks that stick out more than others. If found, monitor them for further displacement.
- Sudden changes: Compare your findings with notes from previous inspections. Any new cracks or bulges should be noted and monitored.
- Crack patterns: Look for cracks that radiate from corners, widen over time, or form ‘stair-step’ patterns. These can indicate movement behind the veneer.
- Soft mortar: Gently press on mortar joints with a gloved hand. If it feels soft or crumbles, it may be deteriorating and allowing movement.
- Efflorescence: Check for white, powdery deposits on the surface. This can indicate moisture intrusion, which can lead to freeze-thaw damage.
- Mortar fallout: Look for mortar that has fallen away from joints. This could signal deterioration and potential movement.
Quick rule: If any of these signs are present and worsening over time, contact a structural professional immediately.
Window/door misalignment and interior symptoms
Interior signs of movement can indicate a more serious problem with your brick veneer. Regularly check windows, doors, and interior walls for any changes.
- Tight-fitting openings: Test if windows and doors are becoming harder to open or close. This could signal veneer movement causing differential settlement.
- Misaligned frames: Check if window and door frames are no longer square with the wall. This can indicate movement behind the veneer.
- Binding hinges: Try opening windows and doors fully. If they bind or stick, this could be a sign of veneer movement.
- Gaps around trim: Look for gaps that weren’t present before around window and door trim. This can indicate movement behind the wall.
- Water stains: Check interior walls near exterior ones for water stains. These could indicate moisture intrusion due to veneer movement.
- Damp odors: Smell around exterior walls. A musty odor can indicate dampness behind the wall, which may be due to veneer movement.
- Bubbling paint/wallpaper: Inspect interior walls for any bubbling or peeling paint or wallpaper. This could signal moisture intrusion due to veneer movement.
- Damp basements/crawlspaces: Check these areas for persistent dampness. This can accompany veneer movement and indicate a more serious problem.
Quick rule: If any of these signs are present and worsening over time, contact a structural professional immediately.
Simple non-specialist checks (tap test, displacement tape)
Low-tech checks can help you monitor your brick veneer’s condition over time. Remember, these are not substitutes for professional inspections.
- Tap test: Gently tap bricks with a non-destructive probe like a flashlight. Listen for hollow sounds, which could indicate delamination or deterioration behind the wall.
- Displacement tape: Apply displacement tape to walls in multiple locations. Check it regularly for any changes in position that may indicate movement.
Quick rule: If hollow sounds are present or displacement tape shows significant movement, contact a structural professional for further inspection.
Dangers and Safety Hazards of Ignoring Bulging Veneer
Immediate danger signs include large bulges, sections that separate from the backing, and visible cracks that suggest an edge could detach. These conditions warrant caution and temporary stabilization as needed.
Longer-term risks extend beyond the exterior. Falling veneer can threaten people nearby, damage property, and lead to interior moisture problems. A bulging veneer often signals underlying structural or drainage issues that require professional assessment.
Risk of falling masonry and facade collapse
Bulging or loose brick veneer poses a significant risk to occupants and the public. Sections that appear detached, displaced, or show visible cracks can suddenly fall, causing serious injury or property damage.
Areas beneath large bulges are immediate danger zones. The weight of the veneer above creates a constant pressure, increasing the likelihood of detachment and fall.
Do not attempt to stabilize or repair these areas yourself. Evacuate if necessary, restrict access, and contact a professional (structural engineer or mason) immediately. Temporary stabilization methods like netting can be used, but professional assessment is crucial.
Hidden structural and water damage progression
Bulging veneer often indicates underlying issues that worsen over time. Water intrusion through cracks or failed ties can lead to rot, corrosion of anchors and rebar, and mold growth in concealed assemblies.
These hidden damages compromise the structural integrity of your walls and can cause further bulging or collapse. Interior symptoms like dampness or mold, and exterior signs of water intrusion should be addressed immediately.
Professional assessment using tools such as infrared thermography, moisture meters, or destructive testing is necessary to determine the extent of damage. A remediation plan should be implemented promptly to prevent further deterioration.
Liability exposure and occupant safety concerns
Property owners and managers have a responsibility to maintain safe premises. Ignoring visible hazards like bulging veneer can lead to serious consequences, including legal action and increased insurance premiums.
If visible hazards are present and unaddressed, document them thoroughly. Notify your insurers immediately and take steps to mitigate risks by restricting access or implementing temporary stabilization measures.
Consult with a legal professional to understand your liabilities and responsibilities regarding visible hazards on your property. Responsible hazard management is key to protecting both occupants and the public.
Why ‘Just Tuckpoint It’ Is Risky — Limitations of DIY Surface Repairs
Tuckpointing focuses on renewing deteriorated mortar joints to reduce water ingress at the surface. It does not address root causes such as movement, substrate instability, or hidden moisture behind the veneer. Treating only the surface can allow problems to continue underneath.
Check for underlying conditions before planning repairs. Look for brick movement, improper flashing, clogged weep holes, trapped moisture, and poor wall drainage, and involve a licensed mason or structural engineer when needed to avoid repeating failures.
What Tuckpointing Addresses Versus What It Does Not
Tuckpointing is a crucial maintenance task for brick veneer, involving the removal and replacement of deteriorated mortar joints. This process helps restore proper gaps between bricks and prevents water infiltration at the surface level.
However, it’s essential to understand that tuckpointing is not a panacea. It does not fix failed ties, decayed backup materials, or movement issues. When veneer is bulging, tuckpointing alone may be an incomplete repair.
If bulging or movement is evident, then tuckpointing should be part of a broader repair plan addressing underlying causes such as failed ties and movement issues.
Common DIY Mistakes and False Fixes
While well-intentioned, some DIY repairs can inadvertently cause more harm than good. Here are common errors to avoid:
- Using incompatible mortar: Incorrect mortar types can accelerate deterioration by trapping moisture or causing excessive stress on the bricks.
- Sealing over active leaks: This only masks the problem, allowing water damage to progress unchecked.
- Performing cosmetic work that hides movement: Concealing signs of movement can delay necessary structural repairs.
Always ensure materials are compatible with existing mortar and address underlying issues before applying surface repairs.
How Surface Repairs Can Worsen Conditions
Improper sealing or incompatible mortars used in surface repairs can have unintended consequences. They may:
Trap moisture, leading to accelerated deterioration of both mortar and bricks.
Give a false sense of safety, delaying proper intervention by masking signs of ongoing damage.
Regularly inspect repaired areas for new cracks, bulges, or other signs of deterioration. If such signs appear, re-evaluate your repair strategy and address underlying causes promptly.
Professional Assessment: What Inspectors and Engineers Look for
A professional evaluation defines the scope in terms of veneer, backing, flashing, and foundation interactions, while noting what lies outside the assessment, such as interior framing. Inspectors look for bulging, cracks, misaligned joints, efflorescence, and moisture intrusion, informed by moisture history and prior repairs.
They typically use a mix of visual walkthroughs, measurements of bowing, sounding tests, moisture meters, and sometimes infrared or other non-destructive methods. The goal is to understand the movement path, tie conditions, lintels, and whether the issue is differential or settling-related.
Visual inspection, non-destructive testing, and probes
Before any repairs or assessments, conduct a thorough visual inspection of the brick veneer. Use this checklist to ensure you cover all essential aspects.
- Bulging veneer: Check for visible bulges, uneven surfaces, or sections that appear to be pushing outwards. Skipping this may lead to underestimating the damage and missing potential structural issues.
- Cracks: Inspect for horizontal, vertical, or diagonal cracks in the veneer, mortar joints, or surrounding walls. Cracks can indicate movement, settling, or moisture problems.
- Misaligned joints: Check if mortar joints are uneven, offset, or missing. Misaligned joints may suggest movement or improper installation.
- Efflorescence: Look for white, powdery deposits on the surface of the veneer or mortar. Efflorescence can indicate moisture intrusion and potential water damage.
- Moisture intrusion: Inspect for signs of water stains, dampness, or mold growth. Moisture can weaken the structure and lead to further damage.
- Tap test: Gently tap the veneer with a hammer to listen for a hollow sound, indicating potential instability or loose areas. Skipping this may miss hidden issues behind the surface.
- Moisture meters: Use a moisture meter to detect hidden dampness within the walls. Neglecting this step might overlook water intrusion and its consequences.
- Anchors inspection: Check anchors, ties, and other fasteners for signs of corrosion, damage, or loosening. Faulty anchors can compromise the veneer’s support and lead to failure.
- Selective removal: If necessary, carefully remove small sections of veneer to investigate underlying issues. This step may reveal hidden problems not visible from the surface.
Quick rule: Always use appropriate tools and methods to uncover hidden issues; do not rely solely on visible symptoms.
When to involve a structural engineer vs a qualified mason
Knowing when to engage a structural engineer or a qualified mason is crucial for addressing brick veneer bulging issues effectively. Here’s how to determine which professional to consult:
Structural Engineer: Involve a structural engineer if you suspect structural issues, extensive failure, or when safety is at risk. They can assess the structural integrity of tie-ins, supports, lintels, and consider movement patterns (differential, progressive, settling-related).
Qualified Mason: Engage a qualified mason for localized repair work, such as repointing or tuckpointing. They can evaluate surface issues and perform minor repairs.
Quick rule: Do not attempt DIY fixes for serious structural concerns; always consult professionals to ensure the safety of occupants and the longevity of repairs.
Documentation, monitoring, and temporary stabilization
Proper documentation, regular monitoring, and temporary stabilization measures are essential to protect occupants and track progression until permanent repairs can be made. Follow these guidelines:
Documentation: Record historical permits, repair history, previous assessments, and photograph/sketch affected areas. Use moisture meters to track dampness over time.
Monitoring: Regularly monitor visible symptoms and ensure safety measures are in place to protect occupants from falling masonry or debris. If progression is noted, update records and plan for permanent repairs.
Temporary stabilization: Implement temporary stabilization measures (e.g., shoring, bracing) if an immediate safety hazard is detected. Evacuate the area if necessary to ensure occupant safety.
Repair Options, Risk Levels, and Cost Considerations
Repair options range from interim stabilization and moisture control to permanent fixes such as veneer removal, structural reinforcement, or full veneer replacement. Each approach has different suitability depending on movement, moisture history, and access considerations, with safety taking priority.
Costs are influenced by labor intensity, disruption, permit requirements, material durability, and time to complete. Use a clear decision framework to sequence interventions, and involve a professional for diagnosis and to confirm the appropriate scope before proceeding.
Temporary stabilization, localized repair, and full replacement
When addressing bulging brick veneer, it’s crucial to understand the range of repair options available. These can be broadly categorized into temporary stabilization, localized repair, and full replacement.
Temporary stabilization is a short-term solution that buys time for planning permanent repairs or assesses the extent of damage. It involves using supports, controlling moisture, and sealing cracks. However, it’s important to note that this method does not address the root cause and may need regular monitoring and reassessment.
Localized repair involves re-anchoring or replacing specific sections of the veneer where movement is observed. This approach can extend the lifespan of the existing wall but may not be suitable if significant movement or structural concerns are detected.
Full replacement or recladding is a permanent solution that addresses all underlying issues, ensuring long-term safety and stability. It involves removing and replacing the entire veneer, often accompanied by structural reinforcement. This option should be considered when significant movement or structural compromise is observed.
Factors that drive repair scope and cost
The extent of damage, access constraints, required engineering, historic considerations, and waterproofing needs are key variables that influence the scope and cost of repairs. Understanding these factors helps in planning and budgeting for the project.
Damage extent is a primary driver of repair scope and cost. Minor localized damage may require only localized repair, while widespread or structural damage necessitates full replacement or extensive repairs.
Access constraints, historic considerations, and waterproofing needs can increase labor intensity, materials required, duration of work, and permits needed. It’s essential to inspect for these factors and obtain multiple competitive bids to account for variable pricing.
Professional assessment is crucial in quantifying the damage extent and complexity, ensuring that the repair scope aligns with the actual needs of the structure.
Permits, insurance, warranties, and regulatory compliance
Before starting any repair work on your brick veneer, it’s essential to ensure that you comply with local regulations, notify your insurer, and understand the warranties offered by contractors.
Local codes and ordinances, such as building codes or facade inspection requirements, must be checked and adhered to. Permits may be required for work that falls under these regulations, ensuring safety and legal protection.
Notify your insurance company before starting any repair work to understand what is covered and to avoid potential issues with claims in the future.
Contractor warranties provide additional protection. If a contractor offers a warranty, ensure you verify its terms, conditions, and coverage duration to make an informed decision.
Long-Term Maintenance, Prevention Strategies, and Case Studies
Establish a maintenance plan with quarterly visual checks, annual moisture assessments, and a simple log for cracks, bulges, and efflorescence. Include photo timestamps to track progression and inform future repairs, and maintain records for future contractors or claims.
Prevention centers on proper drainage, flashings, weep holes, and materials that suit the substrate. Case studies illustrate how DIY patches can mask movement and how professional repairs stabilize walls, with takeaways on signs to escalate and when to bring in a pro.
Brick Veneer Facade Maintenance Schedule
Maintaining your brick veneer facade regularly helps prevent minor issues from becoming significant problems. Follow this schedule to keep your facade in good condition.
- Quarterly: Inspect the facade for cracks, bulging, efflorescence, and any signs of damage or deterioration.
- Annually: Conduct a moisture test to identify hidden water intrusion. Method: Use a moisture meter or hire a professional.
- Document: Keep records of cracks, bulging, and efflorescence with photo timestamps for future reference.
- Every 2-3 Years: Inspect mortar joints for signs of deterioration.
- Regularly: Ensure all flashings are intact and functioning properly to prevent water penetration behind the veneer. Check: Windows, doors, and roof intersections.
- Regularly: Verify that weep holes are unobstructed to allow moisture escape.
- Regularly: Ensure the ground around the foundation slopes away from the wall for proper drainage. Method: Measure slope with a level or string line.
- Every 3-5 Years: Conduct a professional inspection to catch hidden issues.
Important Note: If you notice new or worsening cracks/bulges, consult a specialist immediately for further assessment.
Materials, Specs, and Tools Checklist for Owners and Caretakers
To ensure effective maintenance of your brick veneer facade, use this checklist to verify materials and tools.
- Mortar: Match the existing mortar type, strength, and color. Key spec: Matching ASTM C270 mortar type. Jobsite tip: Consult with a mason if unsure.
- Tuckpointing Tool: A pointing trowel is essential for re-pointing work. Jobsite tip: Rent or borrow if needed; no need to buy new for minor tasks.
- Safety Glasses and Gloves: Protect your eyes and hands during maintenance tasks. Jobsite warning: Always wear appropriate safety gear.
- Ladder: Access hard-to-reach areas safely with a sturdy ladder. Jobsite tip: Ensure the ladder is secure before climbing.
- Mild Detergent and Soft-Bristle Brush: Clean brick surfaces gently to avoid damage. Jobsite warning: Avoid harsh chemicals that can damage bricks or trap moisture.
- Moisture Meter (Optional): Rent or borrow a moisture meter for annual testing. Cost cue: No need to buy; rentals are available at most hardware stores.
- Tape Measure: Accurately measure areas for repairs and re-pointing. Jobsite tip: Always double-check measurements to ensure accuracy.
Case Studies: Failed DIY Repair vs Professional Intervention
Review these real-world examples contrasting DIY failures and successful professional interventions to learn from others’ experiences.
DIY Tuckpointing Failure: Homeowner A attempted DIY tuckpointing, masking underlying movement. Over time, bulging worsened, leading to structural damage and costly repairs. Lesson learned: DIY fixes can mask problems, allowing them to escalate.
Professional Intervention Success: Homeowner B noticed minor cracks and consulted a professional immediately. A thorough assessment revealed hidden water intrusion, which was promptly addressed. Lesson learned: Early intervention prevents minor issues from becoming major problems.
Escalation is Key: If you notice signs of failure in your DIY fix (e.g., worsening bulging, cracks), escalate to a specialist immediately to prevent further damage. Quick rule: Do not rely solely on DIY fixes; consult professionals for thorough assessment and repair.
Conclusion
Bulging brick veneer is a safety and durability issue that matters for both the appearance of your home and the integrity of the wall system. The goal now is to move from worry to a practical, safe plan: assess, prioritize, and involve the right expertise when needed to prevent costly damage.
Start by confirming the bulge location and looking for fresh cracks, loose brick, and mortar gaps; check interior walls for damp spots or staining; inspect the flashing and any above-wall features for signs of moisture intrusion; test a small, hidden area only if you know how to do it safely and without causing further damage; if movement or moisture signs persist, pause any DIY repairs and arrange a professional assessment. Focus on observing in a deliberate sequence: exterior bulge, surface cracks, moisture indicators, and the surrounding components, then decide on repair options with this order in mind.
Common mistakes to avoid include attempting aggressive tuckpointing or patching without understanding the underlying cause, using unverified products or methods, and ignoring moisture or structural movement that can worsen over time. Always follow a conservative safety rule: test in a small area first, keep vibrations to a minimum, and avoid pulling or prying on loose veneer. Document observations and respect local guidelines, manufacturer instructions, and any inspector or engineer recommendations when planning actions.
If you find ongoing movement, moisture concerns, or if a professional assessment is recommended, contact a qualified inspector or structural mason to evaluate load, flashing, and wall ties; professional input can prevent irreversible damage and align repairs with code and warranty requirements. Taking careful, informed steps now protects safety, durability, and your investment, and reinforces a practical path to a stable, lasting facade.
FAQ
What are the key visual signs that brick veneer is bulging and may need professional assessment?
Look for noticeable outward bowing or distortion of the veneer panels. Cracks around windows, doors, or at transitions, and any changes in alignment of joints can also indicate bulging. If the wall feels soft to the touch or if there is moisture staining, note these as additional cues.
What commonly causes brick veneer to bulge over time?
The most common causes involve movement in the building structure, moisture intrusion, or failed anchorage and supports. Sequential exposure to freeze-thaw cycles, improper ventilation, or poor original installation can contribute to veneer movement.
Why is delaying repair risky, and what long-term effects can occur if bulging is ignored?
Continued movement can worsen cracks, allow water ingress, and compromise the interior structure. Over time, increased moisture may lead to mold, rot, or structural damage that becomes harder and more costly to fix. Timely assessment helps limit damage and preserve safety and energy efficiency.
What are safe approaches to repair bulging brick veneer, and what should I check before proceeding?
Repairs should follow professional assessment and use appropriate methods for the specific bulge, such as stabilizing the structure and resecuring veneer with proper ties or anchors. Check manufacturer instructions, local regulations, and the building’s original installation details to choose compatible materials and techniques.