Introduction
Since you’re here, the odds are you have a room or a house that needs some plaster removal. Before I specialized in working with concrete, I had odd jobs requiring me to remove plaster from lath or brick walls.
Some mistakes were made, and for those new to working with renovations, I’ve put up this guide that tries to keep things simple. Removing plaster is physical work so we want to make it as easy and least damaging as possible.
If you live in a home that is at least seventy years old or a little newer, chances are that the interior walls are made of lath and plaster. Lathe and plaster was a popular construction technique for homes until the 1950s and basically consisted of layers of plaster troweled onto a framework of thin wood strips like in the picture below.
Old house aficionados actually prefer plaster walls to drywall. Plaster is thicker than contemporary drywall and has a higher insulating value which is great for muffling sound.
And because it is a historic building material, it simply looks better in older homes than drywall that has been skip-troweled or textured. Of course, plaster doesn’t last forever; if some of the plaster in your home has failed, it needs to be removed.
Here are some tips for prepping a room before tackling the job of removing plaster from the walls. You can also do this if you have concrete and brick walls covered with plaster.
Understanding the Basics of Plaster Removal
Before jumping into the steps of plaster removal, it’s essential to understand what plaster is and why it may need to be removed. Plaster is a composite material made of sand, water, and lime or gypsum. It has been used for centuries for interior and exterior surfaces due to its durability and aesthetic appeal. However, over time, plaster can crack, chip, or become loose, necessitating removal.
Many older homes contain plaster that was applied in several layers, making it not only an art form but also a structural element. Recognizing when to remove plaster instead of just patching it is crucial. Signs of damage include visible cracks, crumbling edges, and areas where the plaster has detached from the underlying lath.
Choosing to remove plaster instead of just covering it up can lead to a more stable and aesthetically pleasing result in your renovation project. This decision will also depend on the overall condition of your walls and your renovation goals.
Some Easy Steps Before Plaster Removal
To make this job easier, let us break it into bits and pieces so we can have an organized way to handle it. I’ll sort out a list and explain it below for those wanting more in-depth information.
Steps for preparing for plaster removal:
- Empty the room out
- Remove all the millwork
- Tape over vents, cold air exchanges, and thermostat
- Seal all openings
- Turn off electricity from the plaster removal area
- Risk estimate for water pipes
- Protect the floors
- Disposal chute (optional)
Empty the Room Out
Removing plaster cannot be done daintily, so everything needs to be cleared out of the room before starting this DIY project. This includes furnishings, ceiling fans, light fixtures (a bare bulb is OK), rugs, draperies or blinds, electronics, wall décor, etc.
Basically, everything that can be moved, large furniture that can’t be moved should be completely covered with a drop cloth.
I’m quite heavy-handed when I do jobs like this so it’s best that everything that breaks easily is away. It’s also easier to move around the room as you don’t have to move stuff all the time when you work.
Things like these are little things, but when you’re doing the work it just might save a few curses.
Remove All the Millwork First
In old houses, the millwork (or trim) around the windows, door, baseboards, and ceiling was placed directly on semi-hardened plaster and nailed into position using very long nails. All this trim needs to come down before removing the plaster.
Removing the trim first is more efficient and makes it easier to label the pieces sequentially so you’ll know where they belong when it’s time to reinstall them.
This might be easy or hard, depending on your walls. If everything is nailed hard to the wall, it might be tricky to get them off without breaking.
The best way is to start creating a little gap between the millwork and wall from some end, search where they are nailed, and use a crowbar or something else to leverage them where the nail is located. This way there is less stress to millwork and it won’t break so easily.
Tape Over Vents, Cold Air Exchanges, and Thermostat
Turn your furnace off to prevent plaster dust from clogging your HVAC system during removal. Cover the thermostat with plastic (to prevent plaster dust from damaging the sensor) and tape over all vents, grilles, and cold air returns.
This is also important because even when we know that there is no asbestos in the plaster, we might not have guarantees that there isn’t some in other parts of the structures. When we tape over the air holes, we stop it from traveling those ways everywhere in our apartment.
Seal All Openings
Plaster dust is ultra-fine and will migrate throughout the entire house if the openings aren’t sealed in some way. If the room has doors, close them and place a rolled towel at the base. If there is an archway between two rooms, use a clear plastic drop cloth to create a curtain.
One thing with dust like this is that if it gets in touch with moisture, it’s really annoying to clean off. You will notice it after you work and sweat a bit. Preventing cleaning is the best kind of cleaning.
Turn Off Electricity from the Plaster Removal Area
Electric wires can turn into nasty surprises if cut when the power is on. I remember numerous times this has happened and for that reason, it earns a spot on the list. Obvious signs are switches and plugins on the wall/surface.
If you’re unsure, it’s possible to buy or rent a scanner for electric wires.
Risk Estimate for Water Pipes
Water pipes can be a sneaky little thing in old houses. Some renovations were made, shortcuts were taken, or something else happened.
There are water pipe detectors on the market if you suspect there might be a waterpipe on the structure. It’s essential to be cautious and assess the risk properly, as damaging a water pipe can lead to costly repairs and significant disruptions.
Protect the Floors
If you have carpeting you want to keep, I recommend covering the floors with a thick canvas tarp. If the floors are made of hardwood or tile, thick cardboard or a thick piece of used carpeting will protect the finish and prevent deep gouges from falling plaster.
I’m a fan of cardboard and heavier boards as they are easy to clean. The falling plaster will take some shoveling to get off so it’s good to have an easy surface to shovel. Plastic on the bottom and board on top is my favorite combination.
Set Up a Disposal Chute
The last step in prepping a room for plaster removal is by figuring out the easiest way to get the plaster out of the room and outdoors. If the room has a window, open the window, remove the screen, and set up a chute so that the plaster can be easily transported outside.
If the room is interior with no windows, figure out the quickest path to the outdoors and keep it clear of debris. You might need to protect the floor on the way outside as you will most likely be cleaning it after you carry the plaster and move in and out with your shoes.
Additional Tips and Considerations
While the steps outlined above provide a robust framework for preparing for plaster removal, there are additional considerations and tips to enhance the process and ensure successful results.
Understanding Your Tools
Having the right tools is crucial for a successful plaster removal project. Essential tools include:
- Hammer: Useful for breaking up plaster.
- Crowbar: Ideal for prying off millwork and removing plaster from the walls.
- Putty Knife: Great for scraping off stubborn plaster pieces.
- Utility Knife: Helpful for cutting out sections of plaster or lath.
- Dust Mask and Safety Goggles: Essential for protecting yourself from dust and debris.
Timing Your Project
Choosing the right time to undertake this project is also important. Consider factors such as the weather and your personal schedule. Ideally, you want to work in cooler weather to prevent excessive dust from circulating and to make the work environment more comfortable. Additionally, ensure that you have enough time to complete the project without rushing, particularly if you are working alone.
Post-Removal Cleanup
Once the plaster has been removed, the cleanup process begins. This can be just as labor-intensive as the removal itself, so be prepared. Make sure to:
- Vacuum thoroughly to remove fine dust particles.
- Dispose of plaster debris responsibly, considering local regulations for construction waste.
- Inspect the underlying lath or wall surface for damage that may need repair before proceeding with new finishes.
Considering Alternatives
If the plaster in your home is in relatively good condition but simply not to your taste, consider alternatives to remove or cover it instead of complete removal. Techniques such as skim coating or applying a new layer of plaster can rejuvenate the look of your walls while preserving the original material.
Seek Professional Help if Needed
Lastly, don’t hesitate to seek professional help if you feel overwhelmed at any point. Plaster removal can be challenging, and hiring a contractor can alleviate stress and ensure the work is done safely and effectively.
By following these tips and being well-prepared, your plaster removal project can be a successful and satisfying experience, leading to a fresh new look for your home.
Understanding the Different Types of Plaster
Before diving deeper into the process of plaster removal, it’s beneficial to understand the different types of plaster that may be present in your home. Knowing the type of plaster can help you choose the right tools and techniques for removal.
Traditional Lime Plaster
Traditional lime plaster is composed of lime, sand, and water. It is known for its breathability and flexibility, making it ideal for older homes. Lime plaster can absorb moisture, preventing damage to the underlying structure and creating a healthier indoor environment. Removing lime plaster can be done relatively easily with the right tools, such as a hammer and chisel, or a plaster knife.
Gypsum Plaster
Gypsum plaster, also known as plaster of Paris, is made from gypsum powder and is commonly used in modern construction. It dries quickly and is less prone to cracking than lime plaster. However, gypsum plaster can be more challenging to remove, as it tends to bond strongly to surfaces. A combination of scoring the surface and using a demolition hammer can help in effectively removing gypsum plaster.
Stucco
Stucco is a type of plaster that is applied on the exterior of buildings. It is made from a mixture of cement, sand, and lime, and provides a durable, weather-resistant finish. Removing stucco can be labor-intensive, especially if it has been applied in thick layers. Tools such as a chisel, hammer, and pry bar are essential for this process.
Acoustic Plaster
Often found in older buildings, acoustic plaster is used to reduce noise. It contains materials that can absorb sound, making it an excellent choice for homes where noise reduction is a priority. However, removing acoustic plaster can be tricky due to its texture and the potential presence of harmful materials like asbestos. If you suspect your acoustic plaster may contain asbestos, it is vital to consult a professional before removal.
Health and Safety Precautions
Working with plaster can pose health risks, especially if the material is old. Here are some critical health and safety precautions to keep in mind:
Wear Protective Gear
Always wear a dust mask, safety goggles, and gloves when removing plaster. This will protect you from dust and debris that can irritate your respiratory system and skin.
Be Aware of Asbestos
If your home was built before the 1980s, there is a possibility that the plaster contains asbestos, which can pose serious health risks if disturbed. It’s crucial to have your plaster tested for asbestos before proceeding with removal. If asbestos is present, hiring a licensed asbestos removal contractor is recommended.
Maintain Good Ventilation
Ensure the room is well-ventilated during the removal process. Open windows and use fans to circulate air, minimizing dust accumulation and exposure.
Stay Hydrated
Removing plaster can be strenuous work. Make sure to stay hydrated and take regular breaks to avoid fatigue. Working in a well-ventilated area can also help you stay cool and comfortable.
Preparing for New Finishes
Once the plaster has been successfully removed, it’s time to prepare for new finishes. This stage is crucial for ensuring that your walls have a clean and stable surface for whatever will come next—be it new plaster, drywall, or paint.
Assessing the Underlying Structure
After removal, inspect the underlying lath or wall structure. Look for any signs of damage, such as rot or mold, which may require repair before applying new finishes. Proper assessment ensures that your new wall surface will adhere correctly and last longer.
Cleaning the Surface
Thoroughly clean the surface of any remaining dust and debris. A vacuum cleaner with a HEPA filter is ideal for capturing fine particles. After vacuuming, wipe down the surfaces with a damp cloth to ensure all dust is removed.
Consulting with Professionals
If you are uncertain about the next steps or how to repair the underlying structure, consider consulting with a professional contractor. They can provide guidance on the best materials and methods to use for your specific project, ensuring a successful outcome.
Choosing New Finishes
When selecting new finishes, consider the aesthetic you want to create and the functionality of the materials. For example, if you’re aiming for a traditional look, you might opt for new plaster or a textured finish, while a modern look might call for smooth drywall. Additionally, consider the insulation and soundproofing qualities of your finishes, especially in older homes.
Conclusion
These basic steps are prepping a room before pulling down the plaster. Taking care of these little details before tackling this DIY project will minimize damage to your home and make the job more efficient.
It’s good to remember that even if we work on our own homes or projects, efficiency is more time for other stuff and time amounts to money.
You should prepare good cleaning tools for this kind of job. A good vacuum and brush and shovels will get you far.
The best way to handle any removal project is to clean actively and in every possible pause. This way the dirt travels away little by little and you won’t have huge amounts of dirt to clean when the plaster is finally gone.
If you have wooden, painted, tile, etc. floors, you can tape the plastic into them to provide even better protection. Usually, hardware stores sell a special kind of tape for these kinds of jobs as it should not have too strong glue, but not too weak either. It’s most often some plastic tape.
Removing plaster from your home can be an overwhelming task, but with the right preparation and understanding, it can also be a rewarding project. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, you can ensure that the process is as smooth and efficient as possible. Remember to take safety precautions seriously, understand the types of plaster you’re dealing with, and prepare adequately for the next steps in your renovation project.
With patience and the right approach, your home can transition from outdated plaster walls to a fresh, modern finish that reflects your personal style. Happy renovating!